This is a list of some experiments confirming gravity. This is a small sampling. I selected ones where the full publication was available for free.
- Measurement of gravitational coupling between millimetre-sized masses
- Tobias Westphal, Hans Hepach, Jeremias Pfaff & Markus Aspelmeyer
- 2021-03-10
- Here we show gravitational coupling between two gold spheres of 1 millimetre radius, thereby entering the regime of sub-100-milligram sources of gravity.
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03250-7
- Measurement of Newton’s Constant Using a Torsion Balance with AngularAcceleration Feedback
- Jens H. Gundlach, Stephen M. Merkowitz
- Submitted on 13 Jun 2000 (v1), last revised 8 Aug 2000 (this version, v2)
- Stainless steel non-magnetic masses, gold coated glass plated torsion bar, electrically grounded, torsion bar in 10-5 vacuum
- Video of apparatus 1: https://youtu.be/VMbYueDI68w
- Video of apparatus 2: https://youtu.be/PXgnYbXfnfM
- https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0006043
- Direct PDF Download
- Measurements of the gravitational constant using two independent methods
- Li, Qing & Xue, et al,
- June 2018
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0431-5
- Direct PDF download
- Improved Determination of G Using Two Methods
- Terry Quinn, Harold Parks, Clive Speake, and Richard Davis
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 101102 – Published 5 September 2013 - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101102
- Direct PDF Download
- Terry Quinn, Harold Parks, Clive Speake, and Richard Davis
- Determination of the Gravitational Constant with a Beam Balance
- St. Schlamminger, E. Holzschuh, and W. Kündig
Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 161102 – Published 30 September 2002 - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.161102
- Direct PDF Download
- St. Schlamminger, E. Holzschuh, and W. Kündig
- Reflections on a Measurement of the Gravitational Constant Using a Beam Balance and 13 Tons of Mercury
- Commentary on “Determination of the Gravitational Constant with a Beam Balance”
- S. Schlamminger, R.E. Pixley, F. Nolting, J. Schurr4 and U. Straumann
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.5214
- Direct PDF Download
The BIPM measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G
- Terry Quinn, Clive Speake, Harold Parks, and Richard Davis
- Published 2014
- The torsion bar is in a vacuum chamber
- Tested and controlled for magnetic susceptibility Copper-Tellurium alloy masses
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsta.2014.0032
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2014.0032
- Direct PDF Download
- A measurement of G with a cryogenic torsion pendulum
- Riley Newman1, Michael Bantel1,2, Eric Berg1 and William Cross1,3
- 1Department of Physics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- 2ExoAnalytic Solutions Inc., Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
- 3MongoDB, New York, NY 10036, USA
- Published 2014
- Underground bunker, liquid helium, vacuum, 59kg copper masses.
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2014.0025
- Direct PDF Download
- Riley Newman1, Michael Bantel1,2, Eric Berg1 and William Cross1,3
- A Simple Pendulum Determination of the Gravitational Constant
- Harold V. Parks, and James E. Faller
- September 8, 2010
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.3203
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.3203.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- An Account of Observations Made on the Mountain Schiehallion for Finding Its Attraction
- Nevil Maskelyne, 1775
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1775.0050
- Direct PDF Download
- An Account of the Calculations Made from the Survey and Measures Taken at Schehallien
- Charles Hutton, 1778
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstl.1778.0034
- Direct PDF Download
- Precision Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Cold Atoms
- G. Rosi, F. Sorrentino, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli & G. M. Tino
- Published: 18 June 2014
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13433
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.7954.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Measuring the Gravitational Constant with a Torsion Balance
- Jason R. Heimann with John Wray
- November 12, 2004
- Appears to be a student assignment write up using an off-the-shelf torsion bar apparatus.
- https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~ggilfoyl/intermediate/labs/bigG/HeimannWrayCavendish.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Determination of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Atom Interferometry
- G. Lamporesi, A. Bertoldi, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli, and G.M. Tino
- Dated: October 27, 2018
- https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.050801
- http://coldatoms.lens.unifi.it/tino/images/personal/articles/magia/lamporesi08.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation by Precision Displacement Sensors
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics,
Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA - Published March 27, 2019
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11223
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11223.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics,
- New determination of the gravitational constant G with time-of-swing method
- Inside a vacuum chamber at 10-5 Pa.
- Extremely thorough methodology
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255039364_New_determination_of_the_gravitational_constant_G_with_time-of-swing_method
- Direct PDF Download
- Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth
- Henry Cavendish, Esq. F.iR. S. and A. S.
- June 21, 1798
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/106988.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
Simple way to quantify the downward accelerating force:
Videos of experiments testing gravity:
- BM Furball torsion bar experiment in his spare bedroom
- Old Video showing torsion bar and lead pyramid
- Old Ohio State university video of big G being measured with Cavendish experiment in a sealed container.
- The Cavendish experiment and G
- A high school or college student explains with a whiteboard and does the experiment in her room.
- https://youtu.be/jkjqrlYOW_0
Citations from PhD Tony, I have not yet reviewed these.
- New null experiment to test the inverse square law of gravitation
- Physical Review D, vol. 19
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.19.2320
- https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.19.2320
- Dynamical test of the law of gravitation
- Nature, vol. 283
- doi: 10.1038/283184a0
- https://www.doi.org/10.1038/283184a0
- An Experimental Test of the Inverse Square Law of Gravitation at Range of 0.1 m
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A, vol. 394
- doi: 10.1098/rspa.1984.0069
- https://www.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1984.0069
- Experimental test of the law of gravitation
- Physical Review D, vol. 32
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.32.342
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.32.342
- Experimental tests of the gravitational inverse square law for mass separations from 2 to 105 cm
- Physical Review D, vol. 32
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.32.3084
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.32.3084
- Dynamic null experiment to test the law of gravitation
- Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, vol. 55
- doi: 10.1143/JPSJ.55.4143
- https://www.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.55.4143
- Experimental test of the law of gravitation at small distances
- Physical Review D, vol. 36
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.36.2321
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.36.2321
- Testing the inverse-square law of gravity on a 465-m tower
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 63
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1902
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1902
- A test of Newton’s law of gravitation using the BREN Tower, Nevada
- Kasameyer et al., 1989
- Moriond Workshop on the Tests of Fundamental Laws in Physics
- https://inspirehep.net/literature/292444
- Testing Newton’s law in the Megget Water Reservoir
- Hipkin et al., 1990
- Gravity, Gradiometry and Gravimetry Springer
- https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387972671
- Testing the inverse-square law of gravity in boreholes at the Nevada test site
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 65
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1173
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1173
- A test of Newton’s inverse square law of gravitation using the 300-m tower at Erie, Colorado
- Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), vol. 96
- doi: 10.1029/91JB01756
- https://www.doi.org/10.1029/91JB01756
- A new method for testing Newton’s gravitational law
- Meteorologia, vol. 28 doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/28/5/004
- Submillimeter tests of the gravitational inverse square law
- Physical Review D, vol. 70
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.70.042004
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.042004
- Tests of the gravitational inverse square law below the dark-energy length scale
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 98
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.021101
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.021101
- Tests of the gravitational inverse square law at short ranges
- Space Science Review, vol. 148
- doi: 10.1007/s11214-009-9540-7
- https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9540-7
- Free PDF available
- Test of the gravitational inverse square law at millimeter ranges
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 108
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.081101
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.081101
- Test of the law of gravitation at small accelerations
- General Relativity and Gravity
- doi: 10.1007/s10714-012-1411-y
- https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-012-1411-y
- New test of the gravitational inverse-square law at the submillimeter range with dual modulation and compensation
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 116
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.131101
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.131101
- Search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at nm range using a pulsed neutron beam
- Physical Review D, vol. 97
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.062002
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.062002
- New test of the gravitational 1/r2 law at separations down to 52 μm
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 124
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.101101
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.101101
- Combined test of the gravitational inverse-square law at the centimeter range
- Physical Review Letters, vol. 126
- doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.211101
- https://www.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.211101
MCToon 