This is a list of some experiments confirming gravity. This is a small sampling. I selected ones where the full publication was available for free.
- Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth
- Henry Cavendish, Esq. F.iR. S. and A. S.
- June 21, 1798
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/106988.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
Measurement of Newton’s Constant Using a Torsion Balance with AngularAcceleration Feedback
- Jens H. Gundlach, Stephen M. Merkowitz
- Submitted on 13 Jun 2000 (v1), last revised 8 Aug 2000 (this version, v2)
- Stainless steel non-magnetic masses, gold coated glass plated torsion bar, electrically grounded, torsion bar in 10-5 vacuum
- Video of apparatus 1: https://youtu.be/VMbYueDI68w
- Video of apparatus 2: https://youtu.be/PXgnYbXfnfM
- https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0006043
- Direct PDF Download
- Measurements of the gravitational constant using two independent methods
- Li, Qing & Xue, et al,
- June 2018
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0431-5
- Direct PDF download
- Improved Determination of G Using Two Methods
- Terry Quinn, Harold Parks, Clive Speake, and Richard Davis
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 101102 – Published 5 September 2013 - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101102
- Direct PDF Download
- Terry Quinn, Harold Parks, Clive Speake, and Richard Davis
- Determination of the Gravitational Constant with a Beam Balance
- St. Schlamminger, E. Holzschuh, and W. Kündig
Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 161102 – Published 30 September 2002 - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.161102
- Direct PDF Download
- St. Schlamminger, E. Holzschuh, and W. Kündig
- Reflections on a Measurement of the Gravitational Constant Using a Beam Balance and 13 Tons of Mercury
- Commentary on “Determination of the Gravitational Constant with a Beam Balance”
- S. Schlamminger, R.E. Pixley, F. Nolting, J. Schurr4 and U. Straumann
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.5214
- Direct PDF Download
The BIPM measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G
- Terry Quinn, Clive Speake, Harold Parks, and Richard Davis
- Published 2014
- The torsion bar is in a vacuum chamber
- Tested and controlled for magnetic susceptibility Copper-Tellurium alloy masses
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsta.2014.0032
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2014.0032
- Direct PDF Download
- A measurement of G with a cryogenic torsion pendulum
- Riley Newman1, Michael Bantel1,2, Eric Berg1 and William Cross1,3
- 1Department of Physics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- 2ExoAnalytic Solutions Inc., Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
- 3MongoDB, New York, NY 10036, USA
- Published 2014
- Underground bunker, liquid helium, vacuum, 59kg copper masses.
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2014.0025
- Direct PDF Download
- Riley Newman1, Michael Bantel1,2, Eric Berg1 and William Cross1,3
- A Simple Pendulum Determination of the Gravitational Constant
- Harold V. Parks, and James E. Faller
- September 8, 2010
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.3203
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.3203.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- An Account of Observations Made on the Mountain Schiehallion for Finding Its Attraction
- Nevil Maskelyne, 1775
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1775.0050
- Direct PDF Download
- An Account of the Calculations Made from the Survey and Measures Taken at Schehallien
- Charles Hutton, 1778
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstl.1778.0034
- Direct PDF Download
- Precision Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Cold Atoms
- G. Rosi, F. Sorrentino, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli & G. M. Tino
- Published: 18 June 2014
- https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13433
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.7954.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Measuring the Gravitational Constant with a Torsion Balance
- Jason R. Heimann with John Wray
- November 12, 2004
- Appears to be a student assignment write up using an off-the-shelf torsion bar apparatus.
- https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~ggilfoyl/intermediate/labs/bigG/HeimannWrayCavendish.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Determination of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Atom Interferometry
- G. Lamporesi, A. Bertoldi, L. Cacciapuoti, M. Prevedelli, and G.M. Tino
- Dated: October 27, 2018
- https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.050801
- http://coldatoms.lens.unifi.it/tino/images/personal/articles/magia/lamporesi08.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation by Precision Displacement Sensors
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics,
Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA - Published March 27, 2019
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11223
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11223.pdf
- Direct PDF Download
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics,
- New determination of the gravitational constant G with time-of-swing method
- Inside a vacuum chamber at 10-5 Pa.
- Extremely thorough methodology
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255039364_New_determination_of_the_gravitational_constant_G_with_time-of-swing_method
- Direct PDF Download
- Publications of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration
Simple way to quantify the downward accelerating force:
Videos of experiments testing gravity:
- BM Furball torsion bar experiment in his spare bedroom
- Old Video showing torsion bar and lead pyramid
- Old Ohio State university video of big G being measured with Cavendish experiment in a sealed container.
- The Cavendish experiment and G
- A high school or college student explains with a whiteboard and does the experiment in her room.
- https://youtu.be/jkjqrlYOW_0
